PROCESS OF CULTIVATION VEGETABLES
A. Introduction
Chinese cabbage, also known as Chinese cabbage, is cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis), is a subspecies of the mustard family, native to China, and is widely used in Eastern cuisines. South Asia and East Asia. This plant species is grown in China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam … but can also be found in North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand.
Cabbage has a color quite similar to cabbage, the outer leaves of the leaves are dark green, while the inner roll (called young leaves) is light green, while the stem part is white.
In Korea, Chinese cabbage is called baechu and is the main ingredient in kimchi.
Nutritional value in 100 g of fresh cabbage.
Nutritional value in 100g of fresh vegetables
Ingredient Quantity Unit Component Quantity Unit
Calories (kcal) 12 K.cal Protein 1.1 g
Lipid 0.2 g Vitamin A 263 IU
Cholesterol 0 mg Calcium 29 mg
Sodium 11 mg Vitamin D 0 IU
Potassium 87 mg Vitamin C 3.2 mg
Carbohydrates 2.2 g Iron 0.7 mg
Magnesium 8 mg Vitamin B6 0 mg
Source: From USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
Regular use of cabbage has the effect of strengthening the body’s immunity, improving eyesight, good for the skin, cleansing the body, treating stomach ulcers, dialysis, supporting weight loss, good for liver.
B. Process engineering
Chinese cabbage is a branched, branched-rooted type, when the leaf set grows above, the root system continues to dig deep into the ground, shallow when the tree is mature, the root system is about 30 cm deep and about 40 cm wide.
Suitable temperature for nutritional growth 23-25ºC.
Light: is a tree that loves long day light.
Humidity: In conditions that ensure regular 70-80% humidity, plants will give high yield.
Soil and nutrition: Can be grown on different soil types or light soil, suitable pH 5.5-6.
1. Variety
Currently, Viet A Agricultural Development Company Limited offers the following cabbage varieties:
F1 Chinese cabbage VA.304: A variety that grows strong, broadly adaptable, very resistant to diseases, leaves are slightly wrinkled with feathers, tightly rolled corn, elongated round shape, average bag weight from 1.5-2 kg depending on the care regime. Best growing and developing temperature is 15-28ºC. Planting season: In the North from September to January next year (solar calendar), Da Lat grows all year round. Harvest time: 60-65 days after planting. The amount of seeds planted is 25-30 grams / 1000 m².
F1 cabbage VA.301: A variety that grows strong, broadly adapted, very resistant to disease, smooth leaves, tightly rolled corn, round, elongated, average bag weight from 1.5-2 kg. Best growing and developing temperature is from 20-36ºC. Planting season: In the North from August to January next year (solar calendar), the climate is cool all year round. Harvest time: 45-50 days after planting. The amount of seeds planted is 25-30 grams / 1000 m².
2. Seasonality
In the North from August to January next year (solar calendar), the climate is cool all year round.
3. Cultivation techniques
Choosing arable land: Cleaning the field, clearing the plant residues of the previous crop, planting away from industrial zones, hospitals, factories, … institute). Soil is loose, light, humus, thick arable layer, well drained. Sprinkle lime, water before plowing to kill some harmful fungi on the ground that existed from previous crops.
Plow to a depth of 20-25 cm, dry for 1-2 weeks, use soil treatment drugs at least 15 days before planting to limit pests and diseases. Then fertilize plowing the last time.
Make a bed 120 cm wide, 20 cm trench, 5 cm high in the dry season, 15 cm in the rainy season.
Soak and sow seeds:
Seeds are soaked for 4-8 hours, then washed, drained, sown in a foam tray or directly in nursery soil, watered with just enough moisture.
Seedlings 18-25 days after sowing, about 8-10 cm high, have 4-6 true leaves, healthy plants, no deformities, white roots, well-developed tops, no signs of pests and diseases, especially is a root swelling disease (caused by the fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae.W).
Seedlings sown on nursery soil or sown in foam blisters if infected with silkworms, soak for 1 minute all leaves in a solution of Regent (1g), Lanate (5g) and BT (5g) / 4 liters of water to kill Young worms and eggs. Take care not to dip the roots.
Density, spacing and planting method: Planting distance: row x row 35 cm, tree x plant 40 cm; Density from 40,000 to 42,000 trees / ha.
Planting trees in the cool afternoon, when planting, need to cover the potting soil not buried too deeply to ensure high survival rate, after planting, watering enough moisture for seedlings to quickly recover.
4. Fertilizer and fertilizer method
Fertilizer: Total amount of fertilizer calculated for 1 ha / crop:
Decomposed manure: 30-40 m³; organic fertilizer: 1,000 kg; Lime powder: 1,000-1,500 kg;
Pure inorganic N-P-K fertilizer: 70 kg N-50 kg P2O5-60 kg K2O.
Note: Change the amount of pure chemical fertilizer to single fertilizer or equivalent NPK:
Option 1: Urea: 152 kg; super phosphate: 312 kg; KCl: 100 kg.
Method 2: NPK 16-16-8: 312 kg; Urea: 44 kg; KCl: 58 kg.
Apply the first way:
Item Total Top dressing
1st
10 days of growth
2nd
25 days of growth
3 times
35 days of growth
Decomposed manure 30-40 m³ 30-40 m³
Lime powder 1000-1500
